Artists Under Vichy: A Case of Prejudice and Persecution

While France endured one of the darkest hours of its entire history, from the occupation of Paris in June 1940 to the liberation of the city four years later, the French art world displayed an astonishing burst of creativity, an atmosphere of laissez-faire and pluralism that seems at odds with the repressive nature of culture under authoritarian regimes. So reveals Michle Cone in this provocative work on the art of Vichy and occupied France. But, as Cone also discloses, Vichy xenophobia and Nazi racism kept many artists from participating in this bonanza of artistic activity. In Artists under Vichy, both narrative and illustrations demonstrate in full detail the contrast between the haves and the have-nots during a vital but until now little explored artistic period. The first section of the work analyzes the lavish attention paid to both academic and nonacademic art by the official French press, by Vichy, and by German observers. Cone hypothesizes that the German strategy in Vichy France was to allow the display of nonconformist art, outlawed as degenerate in Germany, in order to distract the public from the secret seizure of museum pieces and Jewish art collections--and from other, far greater Nazi crimes. Neither among the haves nor the have-nots, Picasso, forbidden to exhibit, lived through this period in Paris, quietly but productively. The second section of this book considers his production and that of the true have-nots--persecuted artists, including resisters and Jews, in hiding or self-imposed exile from Paris in the free zone. Among the have-nots discussed here are Arp, Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Sonia Delaunay, Alberto Magnelli, Otto Freundlich, Victor Brauner, and Hans Bellmer. With increasing public interest focused on art branded degenerate by Hitler, Cone's text provides exciting new insights into creativity, collaboration, and resistance in artists' milieux under a repressive regime.Michele C. Cone is the author of 'Artists Under Vichy: A Case of Prejudice and Persecution' with ISBN 9780691040882 and ISBN 0691040885.